Buddhism ssc cgl notes

         BUDDHISM (600BC)

• Buddhism was founded by  Gautama Buddha.
• Buddha was born on the Vaisakh  Purnima day in 563 B.C.
• He belonged to the Sakya clan of Kshatriyas.
• His father was Suddhodana, the ruler of Kapilvastu.
• He was born in Lumbini in Kapilvastu.
• His mother was Mahamaya of the Kosala dynasty.
• Buddha got Nirvana at the age of 35 years.
• Buddha got Nirvana at Uruvela on the bank of river Niranjana
• Buddha gave his first Sermon at Sarnath.
• Buddha's first sermon is called as "Dhama Chakraparivartana
• Buddha died in 483 B.C. at Kushinagar. Kushinagar has been identified with village Kasia in Deoria dis- trict of U.P.
• Buddha's last words were "All com- posite things, strive diligently".
• Buddha was brought up by his stepmothef Gautami.
• After seeing an old man, a sick man, a corpse and an ascetic Buddha decided to become a wanderer. Asvajit,Upali, Mogallana, Sariputra and Ananda weré five disciples of Buddha.

FIVE GREAT EVENTS OF BUDDHA'S LIVE AND THEIR SYMBOLES 

1. Birth: Lotus and Bull
2. Great Renunciation: Horse
3. Nirvana: Bodhi tree
4. First Sermon: Dharmachakra or wheel
5. Parinirvana or Death: Stupa

FOUR NOBLE TRUTH'S 

1. The world is full of sorrows.
2. Desire is root cause of sorrow.
3. If desire is conquered, all sorrows can be removed.
4. Desire can be removed by following the eight-fold path.

EIGHT FOLD PATH

(1)Right understandingg

(2) Right speech

3) Right livelihood

(4)Right mindfulness

(5) Right thought

(6)Right action

(7)Right effort and

(8)Right concentration

THE RATNAS 

1) bhuddhas

2) Dharmha

3) Sangha

Code of Conduct:
(1) Do not covet the property of otherss
(2) Do not commit violence
(3) Do not speak a lie
(4) Do not indulge in corrupt practices

BUDDHIST COUNCLs

• The First Council was held in 483 BC at Saptaparni cave near Rajagriha to compile the Dhamma Pitaka and Vinaya Pitaka. Chairman Mahakassapa, Patron: Ajatshatru

• The Second Council was held at Vaisali in 383 BC. The monks of Vaisali wanted some change in the rites. Schism into Shaviravadins and Mahasanghikas. Chairman : Sabakami, Patron Kalashoka

• The Third Council was held at Pataliputra duríng the reign of Ashoka 236 years after the death of Buddha. It was held under the Presidentship of Moggliputta Tissa to revise the scriptures.

• The Fourth Council was held during the reign of Kanishka in Kashmir under the Presidentship of Vasumitra, who was helped by Aswvaghosha and resulted in the division of Buddhists into Mahayanists and Hinayanists.

SECTS OF BUDDHuSM

Hinayana:

(a) Its followers belleved in the

original teachings of Buddha

b) They sought Individual sal

vation through self-discipline

and meditation.

(c) They did not believe in idol

worship

(d) Hinayana, like Jainism. Is a

religlon without God, Kama

taking the place of God

Mahayana:

(a) Its followers believed in the

heavenliness of Buddha and

sought the salvation of all

through the grace and help

of Buddha and Bodhisatvas

b) Believes in idolworship.

c)Believes that Nirvana is not a

negattve cessation of misery

but a positve state of bliss.

C) Mahayana had two chicf philo

sophical schools: the

Madhyamika and the

Yogachara.

BUDDHIST LITERATURE

The Sutta Pitaka is divided into

five Nikayas.

The five Nikayas are Digh

Nikaya, Majjhima Nikaya.

Samyutta Nikaya, Anguttara

Nikaya and Khuddaka Nikaya.

The Khuddaka Nikaya consists of

large number of miscellanceous  worker.

BUDDHIST ARCHITECTUREE

Buddhist architecture developed

essentially in three forms, viz.

(a) Stupa (relics of the Buddha or

some prominent Buddhist

monks are preserved)

b) Chaitya (prayer hall

(c)Vihara (resldence)